Applications of lime to three trial sites in the lower Herbert district resulted in increases in pH and exchangeable calcium (Ca) that were much lower than expected on the basis of preliminary laboratory-based experiments, including assessment of soil pH buffer capacity, the neutralising value of the lime and lime solubility. This paper explores the implications of these results and identifies other indicators that might promote a better understanding and more targeted use of liming products by the sugar industry and by Queenslands' other agricultural industries. It is concluded that both sellers and purchasers of lime and gypsum would benefit by the instigation of a quality assurance program for these soil ameliorants, and that the economics of lime use should be evaluated over a period of several years following application.