Condenser investigations at Mulgrave mill, 1994-1997

While condensers are to be found in every raw sugar factory, little examination of their operation has occurred in recent times. As injection water comprises about 90% of factory water requirements, condensers can have a substantial effect on water usage. Factories facing the prospect of capital expenditure on pumping and cooling systems due to capacity expansion or environmental pressures may benefit from improving condenser performance. This paper describes the theoretical and practical aspects of condenser investigations undertaken at Mulgrave Mill. Theoretical examination of noncondensable gas, water flow and dispersion, water residence time, and the influence of vapour entry velocity are examined. Analysis of data acquired through continuous logging of condenser operations is used to support the theory presented. Alternative condenser designs and the results of trials with them are presented.